How to Clean an Oil Painting?

Oil paintings are delicate, and improper cleaning can ruin them forever. Many people unknowingly damage their precious artwork by using the wrong methods, harsh chemicals, or unnecessary pressure. A simple mistake can cause irreversible cracks, discoloration, or flaking. Oil paintings are expensive, so you want it to last for decades. But here's the thing - cleaning it by yourself isn't as hard as you think.

Whether you're an art collector or have recently been gifted a custom oil painting and want to attempt cleaning it yourself, these tips will help you. Our focus is not just on the 'how' but also on understanding the 'why' behind each step. You don’t need expensive materials, just a soft brush, q-tip and some water.

4 Steps to Clean an Oil Painting

Let’s see how you can clean your painting without damaging it.

Find a Soft Brush

Select a soft-bristled brush, preferably one designed for cleaning, to avoid scratching the painting's surface. Hold the brush at a slight angle and use gentle, directional strokes. If you're dealing with a particularly fragile piece, consider using a softer tool like a makeup brush, which can dislodge dust without pressure.

Remove Surface Dirt and Dust

Start by gently removing surface dirt and dust to avoid embedding it further into the painting. Using a soft, dry brush, lightly sweep across the surface for 1-2 minutes. Begin at the top, gradually working your way down to ensure no area is missed. This method prevents dust accumulation without using any chemicals that could harm the paint.

Use a Cloth for Deeper Cleaning

For more ingrained dirt, a slightly damp cloth can be used with great caution. Dab it lightly on the surface without rubbing. Dampen the cloth with no more than 2-3 drops of water to avoid moisture damage. Test this method on a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure it doesn't affect the paint or varnish.

Use Saliva For Delicate Areas

This might sound weird, but saliva is a traditional oil painting cleaning agent. Saliva has enough enzymes to break down dirt and grime, but not so much that it will damage the paint.

“Basically, 90% of saliva that we have is water. The other— the other percentage is some enzyme buffering agents and some minerals. We clean paintings at times with saliva. We call it an enzymatic solution.” - says an art conservator Anny Aviram.

Dampen a cotton swab with a small amount (1-2 drops) of saliva and roll it gently over an area no larger than 0.5 inches.. This method is best for removing stubborn spots but should be used sparingly and tested first to avoid potential damage.

How to Know Whether Your Oil Painting Needs Cleaning?

Before starting, carefully examine your oil painting. Look for signs of wear, such as cracking paint, discoloration, or any loose canvas fibers. The condition of your artwork significantly influences the cleaning method you should choose.

A painting in good condition might only need light dusting, while one showing signs of aging could require more delicate handling or professional care. Remember, the goal is preservation, not just cleaning.

When Should You Seek Professional Help?

Cleaning some oil paintings carries risks, especially older or more delicate pieces. It's crucial to recognize when a painting is beyond DIY care and needs the attention of a conservator.

If you observe significant damage, like flaking paint or mold, it might be best to consult a professional. Consult someone if your painting shows cracks larger than 1-2 inches or flaking covering more than 5% of the surface. Art conservators have the knowledge and tools to safely restore artworks, without compromising their integrity.

"Sometimes when an oil painting seems to be dirty or fading, you may be tempted to try your own cleaning technique at home. It is possible to achieve a light clean if the canvas is stable, where the paint layer is not flaking or cracked, for example, removing any dust or very light contaminants upon the canvas." - Fine Art Restoration.

Oils are way more durable than other mediums like watercolors. So, it’s likely that you won’t need professional help for years after getting one.

How to Store an Oil Painting?

To store your oil painting, choose a place that doesn’t get much direct sunlight and isn’t humid. By maintaining a good environment for your oil painting, you also avoid frequent cleaning, hence preserving your painting more. It’s highly recommended to frame your oil painting with a UV-resistant frame.

• Excessive humidity can lead to dampness and mold growth.
• Direct sunlight exposure for more than 3-4 hours daily can fade colors within a year.
• Keep the room temperature between 65-75°F (18-24°C) to protect the painting from heat and humidity damage.
• Aim for stable, moderate humidity level of 40-50% and avoid direct sunlight or overly dry conditions, which can also harm the artwork.

That’s it! After this, just hang your beautiful painting for display and you’re set for quite some time.

Products to Use to Clean an Oil Painting

While some people might prefer to use household items, it’s better to seek specialized cleaning solutions. They are often available at art supply stores. Here are some popular picks.

• Winsor & Newton Artists' Picture Cleaner - This is a gentle, water-based cleaner that is safe for use on most oil paintings. It is effective at removing dirt, grime, and varnish overspray.
• Gamblin Gamsol - This is a mineral spirit that is often used as a paint thinner. It can also be used to clean oil paintings, but it is important to use it sparingly and in a well-ventilated area.
• Liquin Original - This is a medium that can be used to thin oil paints and improve their flow. It can also be used to clean oil paintings, but it is important to use it sparingly and in a well-ventilated area.

Note: These products are formulated to clean without damaging the artwork. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and test on a small area before applying to the entire painting.

Cleaning Oil Paintings on Canvas vs. Paper

Cleaning on Canvas

Canvas painting is more forgiving and can handle gentle brushing and light dabbing with a damp cloth. Be mindful of the painting's age and the canvas's condition before proceeding with any moisture.

Cleaning on Paper

Oil paintings on paper require a delicate touch. Avoid using any damp methods. Instead, focus on soft brushing to remove dust. Paper is more susceptible to damage from moisture and physical pressure.

Myths and Misconceptions in Oil Painting Care

Some misconceptions can do more harm than good and might destroy your beloved peace of art. Let's clear up some of the most common misunderstandings:

Can I Use Household Cleaners? ❌

One might think that if it cleans around the house, it can clean a painting. However, household cleaners contain harsh chemicals that can degrade the paint and varnish over time. Always stick to products specifically designed for art conservation.

Is More Pressure Better When Dusting? ❌

It's a common misconception that applying more pressure while dusting or cleaning will yield better results. However, this can lead to the deterioration of the paint's surface, potential removal of paint layers, or even cause the canvas to stretch or warp.

Will Direct Sunlight Help Dry the Painting Faster After Cleaning? ❌

While it might seem like a good idea to dry a cleaned painting in the sun, direct sunlight can cause fading and increase the risk of cracking paint. Allow the painting to air dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area. See how you can dry your painting a bit faster.

Can I Touch Up Faded Areas Myself? ❌

You might be tempted to touch up faded or damaged areas on your own, but this can lead to irreversible changes. Restoration should be left to professionals who have the skills and materials to do it correctly.

To Sum Up

Cleaning an oil painting might seem an easy task, but it can go south very fast. We've covered how to check your painting before cleaning, the best ways to clean it, and how to keep it safe over time. We also busted some common myths about cleaning paintings.

Here's a final tip from top artists at Photo2Painting: Keep a simple record of when you clean your painting and any care you give it. This can be a quick note about the date and what you did. This log can help you keep track of your painting's care routine and might even be useful if you ever decide to sell it, showing how well you've taken care of it.

Remember, taking good care of your oil paintings isn't just about keeping them clean. It's about protecting them so you and others can enjoy them for many years to come. Use these tips to help your paintings stay in the best shape, and always reach out to a pro if you're not sure what to do. Your paintings are more than just decor; they're treasures to keep safe for the future.